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The light-harvesting protein complexes (Lhc) play key roles in the processes of light absorption and protection in diatoms. However, different Lhc protein carries out distinct function in photosynthesis. For now, roles of many Lhc proteins in light acclimation are largely unknown. Here, function of  Lhcx3  in marine diatom  Phaeodactylum tricornutum  was examined by using reverse genetic technologies. The overexpression of  Lhcx3  led to increased diadinoxanthin + diatoxanthin content and elevated non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) while knockdown of  Lhcx3  reduced NPQ level. In addition, the expression of  Lhcx3  could be induced by blue light but not by red light. After addition of the photosynthetic inhibitor, upregulation of  Lhcx3  transcript in high light could be inhibited by NH 4 Cl, but not by DCMU (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l,l-dim ethylurea). In contrast, DCMU addition increased expression of  Lhcx3  in high light. In combination with changes of NPQ after addition of inhibitor, we concluded that the  Lhcx3  played key roles in high light acclimation of diatoms. This finding will provide new clues for genetic improvement of  P. tricornutum  with an aim to cultivate new strains with high growth rate.   Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13568-018-0703-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Light-harvesting protein Lhcx3 is essential for high light acclimation of Phaeodactylum tricornutum