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Isoprene represents a key building block for the production of valuable materials such as latex, synthetic rubber or pharmaceutical precursors and serves as basis for advanced biofuel production. To enhance the production of the volatile natural hydrocarbon isoprene, released by plants, animals and bacteria, the Kudzu isoprene synthase ( kIspS ) gene has been heterologously expressed in  Bacillus subtilis  DSM 402 and  Bacillus licheniformis  DSM 13 using the pHT01 vector. As control, the heterologous expression of  KIspS  in  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) with the pET28b vector was used. Isoprene production was analyzed using Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector. The highest isoprene production was observed by recombinant  B. subtilis  harboring the pHT01- kIspS  plasmid which produced 1434.3 μg/L (1275 µg/L/OD) isoprene. This is threefold higher than the wild type which produced 388 μg/L (370 μg/L/OD) isoprene, when both incubated at 30 °C for 48 h and induced with 0.1 mM IPTG. Additionally, recombinant  B. subtilis  produced fivefold higher than the recombinant  B. licheniformis , which produced 437.2 μg/L (249 μg/L/OD) isoprene when incubated at 37 °C for 48 h induced with 0.1 mM IPTG. This is the first report of optimized isoprene production in  B. licheniformis . However, recombinant  B. licheniformis  showed less isoprene production. Therefore, recombinant  B. subtilis  is considered as a versatile host for heterologous production of isoprene.   Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13568-017-0461-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Boosting isoprene production via heterologous expression of the Kudzu isoprene synthase gene (kIspS) into Bacillus spp. cell factory