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Recombinant  Escherichia coli  is a desirable platform for the production of many biological compounds including poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), a class of naturally occurring biodegradable polyesters with promising biomedical and material applications. Although the controlled production of desirable polymers is possible with the utilization of fatty acid feedstocks, a central challenge to this biosynthetic route is the improvement of the relatively low polymer yield, a necessary factor of decreasing the production costs. In this study we sought to address this challenge by deleting  arcA  and  ompR,  two global regulators with the capacity to inhibit the uptake and activation of exogenous fatty acids. We found that polymer yields in a  ΔarcA  mutant increased significantly with respect to the parental strain. In the parental strain, PHV yields were very low but improved 64-fold in the  ΔarcA  mutant (1.92–124 mg L −1 ) The  ΔarcA  mutant also allowed for modest increases in some medium chain length polymer yields, while weight average molecular weights improved by approximately 1.5-fold to 12-fold depending on the fatty acid substrate utilized. These results were supported by an analysis of differential gene expression, which showed that the key genes ( fadD, fadL,  and  fadE ) encoding fatty acid degradation enzymes were all upregulated by 2-, 10-, and 31-fold in an Δ arcA  mutant, respectively. Additionally, the short chain length fatty acid uptake genes  atoA, atoE  and  atoD  were upregulated by 103-, 119-, and 303-fold respectively, though these values are somewhat inflated due to low expression in the parental strain. Overall, this study demonstrates that  arcA  is an important target to improve PHA production from fatty acids.   Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13568-016-0291-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Enhancing poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) production in Escherichia coli by the removal of the regulatory gene arcA