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The study aim was to determine the expression of genes potentially related to chronic mastitis at the mRNA and protein levels, viz .  chemokine C–C motif receptor 1 ( CCR1 ), C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 ( CCL2 ), C–C motif chemokine ligand 5 ( CXCL5 ), tumor necrosis factor α ( TNFα ), interleukin 1β ( IL-1β ), interleukin 6 ( IL-6 ), interleukin 8 ( IL-8 ), interleukin 18 ( IL-18 ), in bovine mammary gland parenchyma. The study examines the differences in expression of selected genes between cows with chronic mastitis caused by coagulase-positive (CoPS) or coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and those with healthy udders (H). Samples were collected from the udder quarters from 40 Polish Holstein–Friesian cows; 54 of these samples were chosen for analysis based on microbiological analysis of milk taken two days before slaughter. They were categorized into three groups: CoPS ( N  = 27), CoNS ( N  = 14) and H ( N  = 13). The RNA expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR and protein concentration by ELISA. No differences in the mRNA levels of seven genes ( TNFα ,  IL-18 ,  CCR1 ,  IL-1β ,  CCL2 ,  IL-8 ,  IL-6 ) and four proteins (TNFα, IL-18, CCR1, IL-1β) were identified between the CoPS and H groups. Higher transcript levels of  CXCL5  ( p  ≤ 0.05) gene were noted in CoPS than in H. Compared to H, higher concentrations of IL-8 and CXCL5 ( p  ≤ 0.05) were observed in CoPS (0.05 <  p  < 0.1) and CCL2 (0.05 <  p  < 0.1) in CoNS, while lower levels of Il-6 were found in CoPS. This may suggest that during chronic mastitis the organism stops producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, probably to protect the host tissues against their damage during prolonged infection.

Expression of cytokines in dairy cattle mammary gland parenchyma during chronic staphylococcal infection