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Cefquinome is administered in horses for the treatment of respiratory infection caused by  Streptococcus equi  subsp.  zooepidemicus , and septicemia caused by  Escherichia coli . However, there have been no attempts to use cefquinome against  Streptococcus equi  subsp. e qui  ( S. equi ), the causative agent of strangles. Hence the objective of this study was to calculate an optimal dosage of cefquinome against  S. equi  based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics integration. Cefquinome (1.0 mg/kg) was administered by intravenous and intramuscular routes to six healthy thoroughbred foals. Serum cefquinome concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The in vitro and ex vivo antibacterial activity were determined from minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and bacterial killing curves. The optimal dosage was calculated from the integration of pharmacokinetic parameters and area under the curve (AUC 24h /MIC) values. Total body clearance and volume of distribution of cefquinome after intravenous administration were 0.06 L/h/kg and 0.09 L/kg, respectively. Following intramuscular administration, a maximum concentration of 0.73 μg/mL at 1.52 h ( T  max ) and a systemic bioavailability of 37.45% were observed. The MIC of cefquinome against  S. equi  was 0.016 μg/mL. The ex vivo AUC 24h /MIC values representing bacteriostatic, and bactericidal activity were 113.11, and 143.14 h, respectively. Whereas the %T > MIC for bactericidal activity was 153.34%. In conclusion, based on AUC 24h /MIC values and pharmacokinetic parameters, cefquinome when administered by intramuscularly at a dosage of 0.53 mg/kg every 24 h, would be effective against infection caused by  S. equi  in foals. Further studies may be necessary to confirm its therapeutic efficacy in a clinical environment.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic integration for optimal dosage of cefquinome against Streptococcus equi subsp. equi in foals