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Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a severe disease caused by  Mycoplasma mycoides  subsp.  mycoides  ( Mmm ). Knowledge on CBPP pathogenesis is fragmented and hampered by the limited availability of laboratory animal and in vitro models of investigation. The purpose of the present study is to assess respiratory explants as useful tools to study the early stages of CBPP. Explants were obtained from trachea, bronchi and lungs of slaughtered cattle, tested negative for  Mycoplasma  spp. and for the major bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens. The interaction of  Mmm  with explant cells was studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC), double-labelling indirect immunofluorescence (DLIIF) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM).  Mmm  capability to survive and proliferate within the explants was evaluated by standard microbiological procedures. Finally, the putative cellular internalization of  Mmm  was further investigated by the gentamicin invasion assay. IHC and DLIIF indicated that  Mmm  can colonize explants, showing a marked tropism for lower airways. Specifically,  Mmm  was detected on/inside the bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells, the alveolar macrophages and the endothelial cells. The interaction between  Mmm  and explant cells was abolished by the pre-incubation of the pathogen with bovine anti- Mmm  immune sera.  Mmm  was able to survive and proliferate in all tracheal, bronchial and lung explants, during the entire time course of the experiments. LSCM and gentamicin invasion assay both confirmed that  Mmm  can enter non-phagocytic host cells. Taken together, our data supports bovine respiratory explants as a promising tool to investigate CBPP, alternative to cattle experimental infection.   Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13567-017-0500-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Respiratory explants as a model to investigate early events of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia infection