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Mycoplasma haemofelis  ( Mhf ) is the most pathogenic feline hemotropic mycoplasma. Cats infected with  Mhf  that clear bacteremia are protected from  Mhf  reinfection, but the mechanisms of protective immunity are unresolved. In the present study we investigated whether the passive transfer of antibodies from  Mhf -recovered cats to naïve recipient cats provided protection against bacteremia and clinical disease following homologous challenge with  Mhf ; moreover, we characterized the immune response in the recipient cats. Ten specified pathogen-free (SPF) cats were transfused with pooled plasma from cats that had cleared  Mhf  bacteremia; five control cats received plasma from naïve SPF cats. After homologous challenge with  Mhf , cats were monitored for 100 days using quantitative PCR, hematology, blood biochemistry, Coombs testing, flow cytometry, DnaK ELISA, and red blood cell (RBC) osmotic fragility (OF) measurement. Passively immunized cats were not protected against  Mhf  infection but, compared to control cats, showed significantly higher RBC OF and B lymphocyte (CD45R/B220 + ) counts and occasionally higher lymphocyte, monocyte and activated CD4 +  T lymphocyte (CD4 + CD25 + ) counts; they also showed higher bilirubin, total protein and globulin levels compared to those of control cats. At times of peak bacteremia, a decrease in eosinophils and lymphocytes, as well as subsets thereof (B lymphocytes and CD5 + , CD4 +  and CD8 +  T lymphocytes), and an increase in monocytes were particularly significant in the passively immunized cats. In conclusion, passive immunization does not prevent bacteremia and clinical disease following homologous challenge with  Mhf,  but enhances RBC osmotic fragility and induces a pronounced immune response.   Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-016-0361-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Passive immunization does not provide protection against experimental infection with Mycoplasma haemofelis