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Background  In vivo imaging of glucose analogue 2-deoxy-2-[ 18 F]fluoro- d -glucose ([ 18 F]FDG) via positron emission tomography (PET) is the current gold standard to visualize and assess brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity. However, glucose metabolism is only a part of the metabolic activity of BAT. [ 18 F]FDG-PET has been shown in clinical trials to often fail to visualize BAT under insulin-resistant conditions associated with aging and weight gain. We employed a novel developed triglyceride-based tracer to visualize BATs metabolic activity under different temperature conditions as well as under diabetic and obese conditions in preclinical models.    Results  [ 18 F]BDP-TG-chylomicron-like particles visualized BAT in control, streptozocin-induced diabetes and obese mice. Increased BAT tracer uptake was found in control mice acutely exposed to cold but not in cold-acclimated animals. Diabetes did not remove BAT tracer uptake, but did limit BAT tracer uptake to levels of control mice housed at 21 °C. In obese animals, BAT tracer uptake was significantly reduced, although the stimulating effect of cold exposure could still be noted.    Conclusion  BAT was visualized in control, diabetic and obese conditions. Streptozocin-induced diabetes, but not obesity, inhibited the stimulatory effect of cold exposure.

Brown adipose tissue uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein-derived fatty acids in diabetic or obese mice under different temperature conditions