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Background  Angiogenesis plays an important role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) progression. This pilot study was designed to compare the distribution of  68 Ga-NODAGA-RGD PET/CT for imaging α v β 3  integrins involved in tumor angiogenesis to  18 F-FDG PET/CT in patients with HNSCC.    Material and methods  Ten patients (aged 58.4 ± 8.3 years [range, 44–73 years], 6 males, 4 females) with a total of 11 HNSCC were prospectively enrolled. Activity mapping and standard uptake values (SUV) from both  68 Ga-NODAGA-RGD and  18 F-FDG PET/CT scans were recorded for primary tumor and compared with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The relation between the SUV of both tracers was assessed using the Spearman correlation.    Results  All HNSCC tumors were visible with both tracers. Quantitative analysis showed higher  18 F-FDG SUV max  in comparison to  68 Ga-NODAGA-RGD (14.0 ± 6.1 versus 3.9 ± 1.1 g/mL,  p  = 0.0017) and SUV mean  (8.2 ± 3.1 versus 2.0 ± 0.8 g/mL,  p  = 0.0017). Both  18 F-FDG and  68 Ga-NODAGA-RGD uptakes were neither correlated with grade, HPV status nor p16 protein expression ( p  ≥ 0.17).    Conclusion  All HNSCC tumors were detected with both tracers with higher uptake with  18 F-FDG, however.  68 Ga-NODAGA-RGD has a different spatial distribution than  18 F-FDG bringing different tumor information.    Trial registration  NCT,  NCT02666547 . Registered 12.8.2012.

Head and neck tumors angiogenesis imaging with 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD in comparison to 18F-FDG PET/CT: a pilot study