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Background  Positron emission tomography (PET) studies using  15 O-labeled CO 2 , O 2 , and CO have been used in humans to evaluate cerebral blood flow (CBF), the cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO 2 ) and cerebral blood volume (CBV), respectively. In preclinical studies, however, PET studies using  15 O-labeled gases are not widely performed because of the technical difficulties associated with handling labeled gases with a short half-life. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the scatter fraction using 3D-mode micro-PET for  15 O-labeled gas studies and the influence of reconstruction algorithms on quantitative values.  Nine male SD rats were studied using the steady state inhalation method for  15 O-labeled gases with arterial blood sampling. The resulting PET images were reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP), ordered-subset expectation maximization (OSEM) 2D, or OSEM 3D followed by maximum a posteriori (OSEM3D-MAP). The quantitative values for each brain region and each reconstruction method were calculated by applying different reconstruction methods.    Results  The quantitative values for the whole brain as calculated using FBP were 46.6 ± 12.5 mL/100 mL/min (CBF), 63.7 ± 7.2% (OEF), 5.72 ± 0.34 mL/100 mL/min (CMRO 2 ), and 5.66 ± 0.34 mL/100 mL (CBV), respectively. The CBF and CMRO 2  values were significantly higher when the OSEM2D and OSEM3D-MAP reconstruction methods were used, compared with FBP, whereas the OEF values were significantly lower when reconstructed using OSEM3D-MAP.    Conclusions  We evaluated the difference in quantitative values among the reconstruction algorithms using 3D-mode micro-PET. The iterative reconstruction method resulted in significantly higher quantitative values for CBF and CMRO 2 , compared with the values calculated using the FBP reconstruction method.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13550-017-0335-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Oxygen-15 labeled CO2, O2, and CO PET in small animals: evaluation using a 3D-mode microPET scanner and impact of reconstruction algorithms