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Background  The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of the asphericity (ASP) as a novel quantitative parameter, reflecting the spatial heterogeneity of tracer uptake, in the staging process of patients with  68 Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC positron emission tomography (PET)-positive prostate cancer (PC).  In this study, 37 patients (median age 72 years, range 52–82 years) with newly diagnosed PC, who received a  68 Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC PET fused with computed tomography ( 68 Ga-PSMA-PET/CT), a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate, and a core needle biopsy (within 74.2 ± 80.2 days) with an available Gleason score (GSc) were extracted from the local database. The ASP and the viable tumor volume (VTV) was calculated using the rover software (ABX GmbH, Radeberg, Germany), a segmentation tool for automated tumor volume delineation. Additionally, parameters including total lesion binding rate (TLB), maximum, mean and peak standardized uptake value (SUVmax/mean/peak), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), D’Amico classification, and prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) were analyzed.    Results  The ASP mean differed significantly ( p  ≤ 0.05) between the different GSc groups: GSc 6–7: 11.9 ± 4.8%, GSc 8: 25.5 ± 4.8%, GSc 9–10: 33.3 ± 6.8%. A significant correlation between ASP and GSc (rho = 0.88; CI 0.78–0.94;  p  < 0.05) was measured. The ASP enabled an independent ( p  > 0.05) prediction of the GSc. A moderate correlation was measured between ASP and the D’Amico classification (rho = 0.6; CI 0.32–0.78;  p  < 0.05). The VTV showed a moderate correlation with the SUVmax (rho = 0.58; CI 0.32–0.76;  p  < 0.05) and the GSc (rho = 0.51; CI 0.23–0.72;  p  < 0.05).    Conclusion  The asphericity in  68 Ga-PSMA-PET could represent a promising novel quantitative parameter for an improved non-invasive tumor staging of patients with PC.

Potential of asphericity as a novel diagnostic parameter in the evaluation of patients with 68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC PET-positive prostate cancer lesions