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Background  Histamine H 3  receptor (H 3 R) is a potential therapeutic target of sleep- and cognition-related disorders. The purpose of the present study is to develop a novel positron emission tomography (PET) ligand for H 3 Rs from dihydroquinolinone derivatives, which we previously found to have high affinity with these receptors.    Methods  Six compounds were selected from a dihydroquinolinone compound library based on structural capability for  11 C labeling and binding affinity for H 3 Rs. Their in vivo kinetics in the rat brain were examined in a comparative manner by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Chemicals with appropriate kinetic properties were then labeled with  11 C and evaluated in rats and monkeys using PET.    Results  Of the six compounds, TASP0410457 (also diminutively called TASP457) and TASP0434988 exhibited fast kinetics and relatively high brain uptakes in ex vivo LC-MS/MS and were selected as candidate PET imaging agents. PET data in rat brains were mostly consistent with LC-MS/MS findings, and rat and monkey PET scans demonstrated that [ 11 C]TASP0410457 was superior to [ 11 C]TASP0434988 for high-contrast H 3 R PET imaging. In the monkey brain PET, distribution volume for [ 11 C]TASP0410457 could be quantified, and receptor occupancy by a nonradioactive compound was measurable using this radioligand. The specific binding of [ 11 C]TASP0410457 to H 3 Rs was confirmed by autoradiography using rat and monkey brain sections.    Conclusions  We developed [ 11 C]TASP0410457 as a radioligand enabling a robust quantification of H 3 Rs in all brain regions and demonstrated the utility of ex vivo LC-MS/MS and in vivo PET assays for selecting appropriate imaging tracers. [ 11 C]TASP0410457 will help to examine the implication of H 3 Rs in neuropsychiatric disorders and to characterize emerging therapeutic agents targeting H 3 Rs.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-016-0170-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Development of TASP0410457 (TASP457), a novel dihydroquinolinone derivative as a PET radioligand for central histamine H3 receptors