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Background  Quantitative description of dose–response of a drug for complex systems is essential for treatment of diseases and drug discovery. Given the growth of large-scale biological data obtained by multi-level assays, computational modeling has become an important approach to understand the mechanism of drug action. However, due to complicated interactions between drugs and cellular targets, the prediction of drug efficacy is a challenge, especially for complex systems. And the biological systems can be regarded as networks, where nodes represent molecular entities (DNA, RNA, protein and small compound) and processes, edges represent the relationships between nodes. Thus we combine biological pathway-based network modeling and molecular docking to evaluate drug efficacy.    Results  Network efficiency ( NE ) and network flux ( NF ) are both global measures of the network connectivity. In this work, we used  NE  and  NF  to quantitatively evaluate the inhibitory effects of compounds against the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of prostaglandin E2. The edge values of the pathway network of this biological process were reset according to the Michaelis-Menten equation, which used the binding constant and drug concentration to determine the degree of inhibition of the target protein in the pathway. The combination of  NE  and  NF  was adopted to evaluate the inhibitory effects. The dose–response curve was sigmoid and the EC50 values of 5 compounds were in good agreement with experimental results (R 2  = 0.93). Moreover, we found that 2 drugs produced maximal synergism when they were combined according to the ratio between each EC50.    Conclusions  This quantitative model has the ability to predict the dose–response relationships of single drug and drug combination in the context of the pathway network of biological process. These findings are valuable for the evaluation of drug efficacy and thus provide an effective approach for pathway network-based drug discovery.

Quantitative modeling of dose–response and drug combination based on pathway network