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Background  In mammals, white adipose tissue (WAT) stores fat and brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates fat to produce heat. Several studies showed that females have more active BAT. Members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) families are expressed in BAT and are involved in BAT activity. We hypothesized that differential expression of BMPs and FGFs might contribute to sex differences in BAT activity.    Methods  We investigated the expression of BMPs and FGFs in BAT of male and female C57BL/6J mice upon gonadectomy, cold exposure, and exposure to sex steroids.    Results  Of the FGF family, BAT  Fgf1 ,  Fgf9 ,  Fgf18 , and  Fgf21  expression was induced upon cold exposure, but only  Fgf1  expression was obviously different between the sexes: females had 2.5-fold lower BAT  Fgf1  than males. Cold exposure induced BAT  Bmp4  and  Bmp8b  expression, but only  Bmp8b  differed between the sexes: females had 35-fold higher BAT  Bmp8b  than males. Ovariectomy almost completely blunted BAT  Bmp8b  expression, while orchidectomy had no effect. Male mice and ovariectomized female mice treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) had approximately 350-fold and approximately 36-fold higher BAT  Bmp8b  expression, respectively. Ninety-day and 7-day treatment of female mice with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) decreased BAT  Bmp8b  expression by approximately fivefold and approximately fourfold, respectively. Finally, treatment of primary murine brown adipocytes with DES did not result in changes in  Bmp8b  expression.    Conclusions  BAT  Bmp8b  expression in mice is positively regulated by presence of ovaries and estrogens such as DES.

Estrogens increase expression of bone morphogenetic protein 8b in brown adipose tissue of mice