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Background  Effective prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scars (HTSs), a common consequence of deep-partial thickness injury, remain a significant clinical challenge. Previous studies from our group have shown that autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) represent a promising approach to improve wound healing and, thereby, impact HTS development. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of local delivery of ADRCs immediately following deep-partial thickness cutaneous injury on HTS development in the red Duroc (RD) porcine model.    Methods  Bilateral pairs of deep-partial thickness excisional wounds (2 mm depth; 58 cm 2  area) were created using an electric dermatome on RD pigs (n = 12). Autologous ADRCs were isolated from the inguinal fat pad and then sprayed directly onto the wound at a dose of 0.25 × 10 6  viable cells/cm 2 . The paired contralateral wound received vehicle control. Wound healing and development of HTS were assessed over 6 months using digital imaging, quantitative measurement of skin hardness and pigmentation, and histology.    Results  Data showed that ADRC treatment led to reduced scar hyperpigmentation compared to control ( p  < 0.05). Using the Durometer, at 2 and 6 months post-injury, skin hardness was 10–20% lower in ADRCs-treated wounds compared to control vehicle ( p  < 0.05). A similar trend was observed with the skin fibrometer.  ADRC treatment promoted more normal collagen organization, improvement in the number of rete ridges ( p  < 0.01), longer elastic fiber length ( p  < 0.01), and reduced hypervascularity (blood vessel density;  p  < 0.05). ADRC treatment was associated with modulation of IL-6 expression within the wound/scar with upregulation 2 weeks after injury (wound healing phase) and downregulation at 2 months (early scarring phase) post-treatment compared to control    Conclusions  These findings support the potential therapeutic value of autologous ADRC administration for reduction of HTS development following deep-partial cutaneous injury.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0704-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Autologous adipose-derived regenerative cell therapy modulates development of hypertrophic scarring in a red Duroc porcine model