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Ex vivo  expansion of umbilical cord blood (UCB) is attempted to increase cell numbers to overcome the limitation of cell dose. Presently, suspension cultures or feeder mediated co-cultures are performed for expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have proved to be efficient feeders for the maintenance of HSCs. Here, we have established MSCs-HSCs co-culture system with MSCs isolated from less invasive and ethically acceptable sources like umbilical cord tissue (C-MSCs) and placenta (P-MSCs). MSCs derived from these tissues are often compared with bone marrow derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) which are considered as a gold standard. However, so far none of the studies have directly compared C-MSCs with P-MSCs as feeders for  ex vivo  expansion of HSCs. Thus, we for the first time performed a systematic comparison of hematopoietic supportive capability of C and P-MSCs using paired samples.    Methods  UCB-derived CD34 +  cells were isolated and co-cultured on irradiated C and P-MSCs for 10 days. C-MSCs and P-MSCs were isolated from the same donor. The cultures comprised of serum-free medium supplemented with 25 ng/ml each of SCF, TPO, Flt-3 L and IL-6. After 10 days cells were collected and analyzed for phenotype and functionality.    Results  C-MSCs and P-MSCs were found to be morphologically and phenotypically similar but exhibited differential ability to support  ex vivo  hematopoiesis. Cells expanded on P-MSCs showed higher percentage of primitive cells (CD34 + CD38 − ), CFU (Colony forming unit) content and LTC-IC (Long term culture initiating cells) ability. CD34 +  cells expanded on P-MSCs also exhibited better  in vitro  adhesion to fibronectin and migration towards SDF-1α and enhanced NOD/SCID repopulation ability, as compared to those grown on C-MSCs. P-MSCs were found to be closer to BM-MSCs in their ability to expand HSCs. P-MSCs supported expansion of functionally superior HSCs by virtue of reduction in apoptosis of primitive HSCs, higher Wnt and Notch activity, HGF secretion and cell-cell contact. On the other hand, C-MSCs facilitated expansion of progenitors (CD34 + CD38 + ) and differentiated (CD34 − CD38 + ) cells by secretion of IL1-α, β, MCP-2, 3 and MIP-3α.    Conclusions  P-MSCs were found to be better feeders for  ex vivo  maintenance of primitive HSCs with higher engraftment potential than the cells expanded with C-MSCs as feeders.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0194-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Differential ability of MSCs isolated from placenta and cord as feeders for supporting ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood derived CD34+ cells