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Whipple’s disease is a rare infectious disease caused by  Tropheryma whipplei  with protean clinical manifestations. This infection may mimic chronic inflammatory rheumatisms.    Case presentation  We report two cases of Whipple’s disease diagnosed in the context of an inflammatory disease with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha failure. The first patient was a 58-year-old white man with psoriatic spondylarthritis, who was treated with adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, tocilizumab and golimumab. The second was a 73-year-old white man with rheumatoid arthritis, who received treatment with infliximab, then etanercept and rituximab.    Conclusions  Whipple’s disease should be suspected in all patients diagnosed with chronic inflammatory rheumatism, partially controlled or not controlled by treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha blockers, whose condition worsens after treatment.

Whipple’s disease diagnosed during anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha treatment: two case reports and review of the literature