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Background  In a recent study, we have demonstrated that amelotin ( AMTN ) gene structure and its expression during amelogenesis have changed during tetrapod evolution. Indeed, this gene is expressed throughout enamel matrix deposition and maturation in non-mammalian tetrapods, while in mammals its expression is restricted to the transition and maturation stages of amelogenesis. Previous studies of amelogenin ( AMEL ) gene expression in a lizard and a salamander have shown similar expression pattern to that in mammals, but to our knowledge there are no data regarding ameloblastin ( AMBN ) and enamelin ( ENAM ) expression in non-mammalian tetrapods. The present study aims to look at, and compare, the structure and expression of four enamel matrix protein genes,  AMEL ,  AMBN ,  ENAM  and  AMTN  during amelogenesis in the lizard  Anolis carolinensis.Results  We provide the full-length cDNA sequence of  A. carolinensis  AMEL  and  AMBN , and show for the first time the expression of  ENAM  and  AMBN  in a non-mammalian species. During amelogenesis in  A. carolinensis ,  AMEL ,  AMBN  and  ENAM  expression in ameloblasts is similar to that described in mammals. It is noteworthy that  AMEL  and  AMBN  expression is also found in odontoblasts.    Conclusions  Our findings indicate that  AMTN  is the only enamel matrix protein gene that is differentially expressed in ameloblasts between mammals and sauropsids. Changes in AMTN structure and expression could be the key to explain the structural differences between mammalian and reptilian enamel, i.e. prismatic versus non-prismatic.

evodevo

Comparative expression of the four enamel matrix protein genes, amelogenin, ameloblastin, enamelin and amelotin during amelogenesis in the lizard Anolis carolinensis