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Background  Primary pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEAC) is defined as a pulmonary adenocarcinoma with a predominant component of intestinal differentiation and tumor cells positive for at least one intestinal marker. The aim of the present study was the molecular and histological characterization of a PEAC from a patient with two other family members affected by similar lung tumors, which has never been reported before.    Findings  We evaluated the molecular characteristics of the proband’s PEAC by using a previously validated 47-microRNA (miRNA) cancer-specific array and a predictive method to estimate tissue-of-origin probabilities. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for thyroid transcription factor (TTF-1), napsin A, caudal-related homeobox 2 (CDX2), cytokeratins, and mucins, as well as mutational analyses for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) were performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues.  The occurrence of PEAC in two family members was associated with similar clinicopathological features (age at diagnosis, smoking habit, tumor localization, multiple colonic polyps), histologic findings (TTF-1 negativity and CDX2 positivity), and genetic findings (KRAS (Gly12Asp) mutation, but no EGFR/ALK aberrations). miRNA profiling revealed similarities with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; 75.98 %) and some overlap with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC; 23.34 %), but not with colorectal cancer (CRC; less than 0.5 %). Notably, these PEACs share key PDAC-associated miRNAs associated with tumor aggressiveness (miR-31*/-126*/-506/-508-3p/-514).    Conclusions  We describe for the first time PEAC in members from the same family, associated with similar clinical and genetic features. miRNA profiling of the PEAC resembled a NSCLC signature, with partial overlap to a PDAC pattern. This could explain its aggressive behavior and therefore help to guide future tailored-therapeutic approaches.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0162-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

clinical epigenetics

MicroRNA profiling of primary pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma in members from the same family reveals some similarities to pancreatic adenocarcinoma—a step towards personalized therapy