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Objectives  The emergence of colistin-resistant  Enterobacteriaceae  from human and animal sources is one of the major public health concerns as colistin is the last-resort antibiotic for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. We aimed to determine the prevalence of the prototype widespread colistin resistance genes ( mcr-1  and  mcr-2 ) among commensal and pathogenic  Escherichia coli  strains isolated from food-producing and companion animals in Iran.    Results  A total of 607  E. coli  isolates which were previously collected from different animal sources between 2008 and 2016 used to uncover the possible presence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes ( mcr-1  and  mcr-2 ) by PCR. Overall, our results could not confirm the presence of any  mcr-1  or  mcr-2  positive  E. coli  among the studied isolates. It is concluded that despite the important role of food-producing animals in transferring the antibiotic resistance, they were not the main source for carriage of  mcr-1  and  mcr-2  in Iran until 2016. This study suggests that the other  mcr  variants ( mcr-3  to  mcr-9 ) might be responsible for conferring colistin resistance in animal isolates in Iran. The possible linkage between pig farming industry and high level of  mcr  carriage in some countries needs to be clarified in future prospective studies.

Molecular survey of mcr1 and mcr2 plasmid mediated colistin resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates of animal origin in Iran