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Objective  Resveratrol (RSV) is a multitarget drug that has demonstrated activity against  Toxoplasma gondii  in macrophage and human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cell line infection models. However, the mechanism of action of RSV has not yet been determined. Thus, with the aim of identifying a possible mechanism of the anti- T. gondii  activity of this compound, we analyzed the effects of RSV on histones H3 and H4 lysine 16 acetylation (H4K16). We also analyzed RSV-induced DNA damage to intracellular tachyzoites by using the DNA damage marker phosphorylated histone H2A.X (γH2AX).    Results  RSV inhibited intracellular  T. gondii  tachyzoite growth at concentrations below the toxic threshold for host cells. The IC 50  value after 24 h of treatment was 53 μM. RSV induced a reduction in H4K16 acetylation (H4K16ac), a marker associated with transcription, DNA replication and homologous recombination repair. A similar deacetylation effect was observed on histone H3. RSV also increased  T. gondii  H2A.X phosphorylation at the SQE motif (termed γH2A.X), which is a DNA damage-associated posttranslational modification. Our findings suggest a possible link between RSV and DNA damage or repair processes that is possibly associated with DNA replication stress.

Resveratrol induces H3 and H4K16 deacetylation and H2A.X phosphorylation in Toxoplasma gondii