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Objective  Hardness of water in the form of CaCO 3  affects reproductive potential in various fish species, differently. This study evaluates the effect of water hardness on growth and reproduction of two aquarium fishes,  Poecilia reticulata  (Ovo-viviparous sp.) and  Betta splendens  (Oviparous sp.) by growing them under 150 (control), 320, 540 and 900 ppm CaCO 3  levels in semi natural aquaria.    Results  Growth increased with increasing water hardness, reporting a significant progress of  P. reticulata  (p = 0.005) at 900 ppm. Similarly, the reproductive potential of  P. reticulata  was improved significantly, recording the highest fecundity (16.22 ± 3.90) and Gonadosomatic Index (GSI-2.48 ± 0.6) at 900 ppm. However, in  B. splendens  water hardness adversely affected the reproduction by resulting a significantly low hatchability and disturbed bubble nests at 900 ppm, compared to the largest bubble nest formed at the control condition (108.58 ± 16.19 cm 2 ). Thus, the study revealed differential effects of water hardness on reproductive potential of the test species, by increasing the potential of  P. reticulata  while decreasing that of  B. splendens . Though larval survival was affected in both species, larval growth was improved significantly in  P. reticulata  at 900 ppm level. Understanding reproductive potential of aquarium fishes in natural waters is crucial for their management purposes.

Water hardness influenced variations in reproductive potential of two freshwater fish species; Poecilia reticulata and Betta splendens