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Objective  In the human body pathogenic mycobacteria encounter low pH within the phagosomes of macrophages where they reside after being internalized by the host cell. Low pH within macrophages has been shown to induce expression of a variety of genes within these bacteria. It had been previously observed that the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipF  promoter is transcriptionally upregulated between pHs 4.5–6.4 in  Mycobacterium smegmatis , with an upper pH limit of 6.4 capable of promoter induction. To better understand the parameters of acid induced gene expression, we sought to determine the lower pH limit capable of  lipF  promoter induction.    Results  As we had already determined an upper pH limit, we determine here that there is a lower limit of pH’s capable of upregulating the  lipF  promoter, with pH below 4.3 not positively upregulating the promoter. At non-inducing pH 4.2 the bacterial cells remain viable in the absence of acid induced  lipF  promoter upregulation and subsequent exposure to acid pH 5.0 results in  lipF  promoter upregulation. There appears to be a lower limit of pH capable of upregulating  lipF  promoter expression and this limit is not due to cell death.

Induction of the acid inducible lipF promoter is reversibly inhibited in pH ranges of pH 4.2-4.0