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Objective  The genetic involvement in unconjugated neonatal hyperbilirubinemia has been extensively studied. Despite the high incidence of hyperbilirubinemia in Indonesia, studies are lacking. The objective of this study is to elucidate the role of polymorphism in the  UGT1A1  in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in Bengkulu, Indonesia.    Results  There were 41 neonates enrolled in the study; 30 had a total serum bilirubin level ≥ 15 mg/dL (hyperbilirubinemia neonates) while 11 has &lt; 15 mg/dL (control neonates). Genetic mutations in Exon 1,  UGT1A1*6  (c211g &gt; a) and one in promoter region,  UGT1A1*60  (c3279t &gt; g) were determined by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. We found 18 (60%) mutation in exon 1 in hyperbilirubinemia group and 7 (64%) in the control group with an identical allele frequency of 0.3 in both groups. We found heterozygous  UGT1A1*60  4 times (13.3%) and homozygous 26 times (86.7%) in the hyperbilirubinemia group, with an identical allele frequency of 0.935 in hyperbilirubinemia and 1 in control group. This study supports the involvement of genetic factors in the development of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in Bengkulu population.

UGT1A1 gene and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a preliminary study from Bengkulu, Indonesia