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Objective  β-Lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant  Haemophilus influenzae  is a common opportunistic pathogen of hospital- and community-acquired infections, harboring multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms in the  ftsI  gene, which codes for penicillin-binding protein-3. The objectives of this study were to perform comprehensive genetic analyses of whole regions of the penicillin-binding proteins in  H. influenzae  and to identify additional single nucleotide polymorphisms related to antibiotic resistance, especially to ampicillin and other cephalosporins.    Results  In this genome analysis of the  ftsI  gene in 27 strains of  H. influenzae , 10 of 23 (43.5%) specimens of group III genotype β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant  H. influenzae  were paradoxically classified as ampicillin-sensitive phenotypes. Unfortunately, we could not identify any novel mutations that were significantly associated with ampicillin minimum inhibitory concentrations in other regions of the penicillin-binding proteins, and we reconfirmed that susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics was mainly defined by previously reported SNPs in the  ftsI  gene. We should also consider detailed changes in expression that lead to antibiotic resistance in the future because the acquisition of resistance to antimicrobials can be predicted by the expression levels of a small number of genes.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3169-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc research notes

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding penicillin-binding proteins in β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae in Japan