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Objective    Campylobacter  spp. and  Helicobacter  spp. are rare but important causes of bacteremia in humans. Distinguishing these bacteria is complicated because of their similar phenotypic profiles. We conducted clinical and microbiological investigations of  Campylobacter  spp. or  Helicobacter  spp. bacteremia. Patients diagnosed with bacteremia from 2008 to 2014 were included. The clinical and microbiological characteristics of  Campylobacter  spp. and  Helicobacter  spp. bacteremia were compared. The BACTEC system was used in blood cultures. A receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted based on the time to blood culture positivity.    Results  Sixteen cases of  Helicobacter  spp. bacteremia (patient age: 61 ± 18 years) and 14 cases of  Campylobacter  spp. bacteremia (patient age: 49 ± 21 years) were identified. Median time to blood culture positivity was longer for the  Helicobacter  spp. cases than the  Campylobacter  spp. cases (91.4 h vs 55.3 h,  p  < 0.01). A time to blood culture positivity > 75 h predicted  Helicobacter  spp. bacteremia with a sensitivity of 0.88 and a specificity of 0.93 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90). In conclusion, a time to blood culture positivity was useful in distinguishing  Helicobacter  spp. bacteremia from  Campylobacter  spp. bacteremia.

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Comparison of the clinical and microbiological characteristics of Campylobacter and Helicobacter bacteremia: the importance of time to blood culture positivity using the BACTEC blood culture systems