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Background    Shigella  is an important cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in resource-poor countries. The treatment of shigellosis mostly requires antibiotics. However, the increase of multidrug resistance along with emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and ciprofloxacin resistance among  Shigella  spp. has challenged the situation. This study was conducted to determine the distribution of species and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of  Shigella  species isolated from stool specimen among children less than 5 years of age in Nepal.    Results  Out of total 717 stool samples collected, 15 cases of  Shigella  spp. was isolated which includes 12  S. flexneri  and 3  S. sonnei . Multidrug resistance was found among 13(86%) of the isolates. One of the isolates of  S. flexneri  was found to be ESBL-producer with MIC >256 mg/L for cefixime.    Conclusion  The high occurrence of multidrug resistance among  Shigella  spp. along with a case of ESBL-production for the first time in Nepal alarms the concerns about dissemination of the resistant isolates. So, systemic monitoring of the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of  Shigella  spp. is becoming crucial to guide therapy.

bmc research notes

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Shigella spp. isolated from children under 5 years of age attending tertiary care hospitals, Nepal along with first finding of ESBL-production