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Background   Vector control is facing a menace due to the appearance of resistance to synthetic insecticides. Insecticides of plant origin may provide appropriate substitute biocontrol techniques in the future. The present study was carried out to investigate the bio control potentiality of active ingredient isolated from chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v) extract of mature leaves of  Solanum nigrum  L. (Solanaceae) against early 3rd instar larvae of  Culex vishnui  group (comprising of  Cx. vishnui  Theobald,  Cx. pseudovishnui  Colless and  Cx. tritaeniorhynchus  Giles) and  Anopheles subpictus  Grassi.  S. nigrum  is a common plant distributed in many parts of India with medicinal properties.    Methods   Bioactive compound isolated from chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v) extract of mature leaves of  S. nigrum  was (25, 45, 60 mg/L) tested against early 3rd instar larvae of  Cx. vishnui  group and  An. subpictus . The lethal concentration was determined by log probit analysis. The chemical nature of the active substance was also evaluated following gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) and infrared (IR) analysis. The compound was also studied on non target organisms such as  Daphnia  sp. and  Diplonychus annulatum .    Results  TLC spot having R f  value of 0.94 (R f  = 14.1/15 = 0.94) showed larvicidal activity. In a 72 h bioassay experiment, mortality rate at 60 mg/L was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) than those at 25 and 45 mg/L against early 3rd instar. Result of log-probit analysis (at 95% confidence level) revealed that LC 50  and LC 90  values gradually decreased with the exposure period showing the lowest value at 72 h of exposure. A clear dose-dependent mortality was observed, as the rate of mortality (Y) was positively correlated with the concentration (X) having regression coefficient value close to one in each case. The compound was found to be eco-friendly as it did not show any adverse effect to the studied non target organisms. Chemical characterization (GC–MS and IR analyses) of the active ingredient revealed the presence of phytosteroid compounds responsible for mosquito larvicidal activity.    Conclusion  Leaf extract of  S. nigrum  has great potential as bio control agent against  Cx. vishnui  group and  An. subpictus . In near future the isolated bioactive phytochemical could be used as a source of an effective mosquitocidal agent.

Larvicidal activity of phytosteroid compounds from leaf extract of Solanum nigrum against Culex vishnui group and Anopheles subpictus