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Background    Entada abyssinica  is a plant traditionally used against gastrointestinal bacterial infections. Eight compounds including three flavonoids, three terpenoids, a monoglyceride and a phenolic compound isolated from  E. abyssinica  were investigated for their cytotoxicity, antibacterial and antioxidant activity.    Results  Compounds  7  and  2  had remarkable activity against  Salmonella typhimurium  with the lowest respective minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1.56 and 3.12 µg/mL. The antioxidant assay gave IC 50  values varied from 0.48 to 2.87 μg/mL in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, from 2.53 to 17.04 μg/mL in the 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assay and from 1.43 to 103.98 µg/mL in the FRAP assay. Compounds had relatively low cytotoxicity (LC 50  values ranging from 22.42 to 80.55 µg/mL) towards Vero cells. Ursolic acid had the most potent cytotoxicity against THP-1 and RAW 264.7 cells with LC 50  values of 9.62 and 4.56 μg/mL respectively, and selectivity index values of 7.32 and 15.44 respectively.    Conclusion  Our findings suggest that among the terpenoid and flavonoid compounds studied, entadanin (compound  7 ) possess tremendous antibacterial activity against  S. typhimurium  and could be developed for the treatment of bacterial diseases.

Cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of eight compounds isolated from Entada abyssinica (Fabaceae)