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Background   Streptococcus pneumoniae  and  Haemophilus influenzae  are important human pathogens. The risk of airborne and droplet-transmitted respiratory tract infections in healthcare workers (HCW) is substantial. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of oropharyngeal colonization with  S. pneumoniae  and  Haemophilus  spp. their antibiogram and risk factors of colonization in HCW at a tertiary care center, Western Nepal.    Methods  During 3 month period, 100 oropharyngeal swab specimens were collected from HCW of Manipal Teaching Hospital and 50 from non HCW from community. All the 150 specimens were screened for  Haemophilus  spp. and  S. pneumoniae  by standard techniques. Serotyping of  H. influenzae  type b was done by using specific antiserum. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolates were determined by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Association between the groups was analyzed using the Pearson χ 2  test and Fisher exact test. A forward step logistic regression model was used to identify significant predictors for colonization.    Result  Sixty-five percent of HCW were colonized with  S. pneumoniae  and/or  Haemophilus  species compared to 32 % of non-HCW. Health care workers had odd ratio (OR) 3.946 [CI (1.916, 8.128)] times more tendency of colonization compared to non-HCW (P < 0.05). Pneumococcal colonization was observed high among smokers (81.5 %). Amongst HCW, post graduate resident doctors had higher rate of colonization (83.3 %) followed by interns (64.9 %), least being amongst the laboratory workers (58.3 %).    Conclusion  The higher rate of colonization amongst HCW raises the possibility of occupational risk as well as horizontal spread of infections.

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus species colonization in health care workers: the launch of invasive infections?