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Background   Diabrotica virgifera virgifera , western corn rootworm, is one of the most devastating species in North America.  D. v. virgifera  neonates crawl through the soil to locate the roots on which they feed. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is one of the important volatile cues that attract  D. v. virgifera  larvae to roots.Results  In this study, we identified three putative  D. v. virgifera  gustatory receptor genes ( Dvv_Gr1 ,  Dvv_Gr2 , and  Dvv_Gr3 ). Phylogenetic analyses confirmed their orthologous relationships with known insect CO 2  receptor genes from  Drosophila , mosquitoes, and  Tribolium . The phylogenetic reconstruction of insect CO 2  receptor proteins and the gene expression profiles were analyzed. Quantitative analysis of gene expression indicated that the patterns of expression of these three candidate genes vary among larval tissues (i.e., head, integument, fat body, and midgut) and different development stages (i.e., egg, three larval stages, adult male and female).    Conclusion   The  Dvv_Gr2  gene exhibited highest expression in heads and neonates, suggesting its importance in allowing neonate larvae to orient to its host plant. Similar expression patterns across tissues and developmental stages for  Dvv_Gr1  and  Dvv_Gr3  suggest a potentially different role. Findings from this study will allow further exploration of the functional role of specific CO 2  receptor proteins in  D. v. virgifera .

Carbon dioxide receptor genes and their expression profile in Diabrotica virgifera virgifera