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Background  Colistin is still a widely used antibiotic in veterinary medicine although it is a last-line treatment option for hospitalized patients with infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Colistin resistance has gained additional importance since the recent emergence of mobile colistin resistance ( mcr ) genes. In the scope of a study on colistin resistance in clinical  Escherichia coli  isolates from human patients in Germany we characterized the  mcr - 1  gene variants.    Results  Our PCR-based screening for  mcr -carrying  E. coli  from German patients revealed the presence of  mcr - 1 - like  genes in 60 isolates. Subsequent whole-genome sequence-based analyses detected one non-synonymous mutation in the  mcr - 1  gene for two isolates. The mutations were verified by Sanger sequencing and resulted in amino acid changes Met1Thr (isolate 803-18) and Tyr9Cys (isolate 844-18). Genotyping revealed no relationship between the isolates. The two clinical isolates were assigned to sequence types ST155 (isolate 803-18) and ST69 (isolate 844-18). Both  mcr - 1  variants were found to be located on IncX4 plasmids of 33 kb size; these plasmids were successfully conjugated into sodium azide resistant  E. coli  J53 Azi r  in a broth mating experiment.    Conclusions  Here we present the draft sequences of  E. coli  isolate 803-18 carrying the novel variant  mcr - 1.26  and isolate 844-14 carrying the novel variant  mcr - 1.27 . The results highlight the increasing issue of transferable colistin resistance.

Genome sequences of two clinical Escherichia coli isolates harboring the novel colistin-resistance gene variants mcr-1.26 and mcr-1.27