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Background   Staphylococcus aureus  is one of the most prevalent pathogens and a causative agent of a variety of infections in humans and animals. A total of 640 samples were collected from healthy animals and patients from 2013 to 2014 in Henan Province, China, to investigate the prevalence and perform molecular characterization of  S. aureus . Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were determined and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and  staphylococcal  cassette chromosome  mec  (SCC mec ) typing were performed.    Results  Overall, 22.3% (n = 143) of the samples were positive for  S. aureus . The prevalence of methicillin-resistant  S. aureus  (MRSA) was 5.59%. Capsular polysaccharide locus type 5 ( Cap 5; 56.64%) was the dominant serotype.  S. aureus  strains showed high resistance to penicillin (96.50%), ciprofloxacin (52.45%), amikacin (67.83%), erythromycin (96.50%), lincomycin (97.20%), and tetracycline (68.53%) and 109 (76.2%) isolates harbored six or more tested resistance genes. The most predominant resistance genes were  aphA  (52.45%),  ermC  (53.15%), and  tetM  (52.45%). Eighty-seven (60.8%) isolates harbored six or more tested virulence genes. The most predominant enterotoxin genes were  sed  (20.28%),  sej  (20.98%),  sep  (14.69%), and  set  (37.76%). The prevalence of  lukED  gene was (57.34%), and a small number of isolates carried  pvl  (5.59%) and  TSST - 1  (2.80%). A total of 130 (82.52%) isolates could be typed by PFGE with  SmaI  digestion. PFGE demonstrated that 45 different patterns (P) that were grouped into 17 pulsotypes and 28 separate pulsotypes using a 90% cut-off value. A total of 118 (82.52%) isolates were successfully typed by  spa , and 26  spa  types were identified, t15075 (14.00%) and t189 (12.59%) were the most common types. SCC mec  types were detected from eight MRSA isolates, with the most prevalent type being SCC mec  IVa. MRSA-SCC mec  Iva- t437  was observed in human isolates.    Conclusion  This study revealed a high prevalence of  S. aureus  in healthy animals and patients from Henan Province, China. Resistant  S. aureus  exhibited varying degrees of multidrug resistance. The presence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes may facilitate the spread of  S. aureus  strains and pose a potential threat to public health, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring of these isolates at the human–animal interface.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13099-018-0254-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

gut pathogens

Prevalence, resistance pattern, and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from healthy animals and sick populations in Henan Province, China