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Background  The global incidence of foodborne infections and antibiotic resistance is recently increased and considered of public health concern. Currently, scarcely information is available on foodborne infections and ESBL associated with poultry and beef meat in Egypt.    Methods  In total, 180 chicken and beef meat samples as well as internal organs were collected from different districts in northern Egypt. The samples were investigated for the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of  Salmonella enterica  serovars and  Escherichia coli . All isolates were investigated for harbouring class 1 and class 2 integrons.    Results  Out of 180 investigated samples 15  S. enterica  (8.3%) and 21  E. coli  (11.7%) were isolated and identified.  S. enterica  isolates were typed as 9  S.  Typhimurium (60.0%), 3  S.  Paratyphi A (20.0%), 2  S . Enteritidis (13.3%) and 1  S.  Kentucky (6.7%). Twenty-one  E. coli  isolates were serotyped into O1, O18, O20, O78, O103, O119, O126, O145, O146 and O158. The phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles of  S. enterica  serovars to ampicillin, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole and tetracycline were 86.7, 80.0, 60.0, 53.3 and 40.0%, respectively. Isolated  E. coli  were resistant to tetracycline (80.9%), ampicillin (71.4%), streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (61.9% for each) and cefotaxime (33.3%). The dissemination of genes coding for ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase in  S. enterica  isolates included  bla   CTX-M  (73.3%),  bla   TEM  (73.3%) and  bla   CMY  (13.3%). In  E. coli  isolates  bla   TEM ,  bla   CTX-M  and  bla   OXA  were identified in 52.4, 42.9 and 14.3%, respectively. The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes identified in  S. enterica  were  qnr A (33.3%),  qnr B (20.0%) and  qnr S (6.7%) while  qnr A and  qnr B were detected in 33.3% of  E. coli  isolates. Class 1 integron was detected in 13.3% of  S. enterica  and in 14.3% of  E. coli  isolates. Class 2 integron as well as the colistin resistance gene  mcr -1 was not found in any of  E. coli  or  S. enterica  isolates.    Conclusions  This study showed high prevalence of  S. enterica  and  E. coli  as foodborne pathogens in raw chicken and beef meat in Nile Delta, Egypt. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in  S. enterica  and  E. coli  isolates is of public health concern in Egypt. Molecular biological investigation elucidated the presence of genes associated with antibiotic resistance as well as class 1 integron in  S. enterica  and  E. coli .

gut pathogens

Occurrence of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli in raw chicken and beef meat in northern Egypt and dissemination of their antibiotic resistance markers