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Background  As a primary source of Shiga-toxin-producing  Escherichia coli  (STEC) infection, cattle are often targeted to develop strategies for reducing STEC contamination. Monitoring the virulence potentials of STEC isolates from cattle is important for tracing contamination sources, managing outbreaks or sporadic cases, and reducing the risks for human infection. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of STEC in cattle farm samples in South Korea and to assess their virulence potentials.    Results  In total, 63 STEC were isolated from 496 cattle farm samples, and temperature and rainfall affected STEC prevalence ( p  < 0.001). The O157 serogroup was most prevalent, followed by O108, O8, O84, O15, and O119. In the  stx  variant test, high prevalence of  stx2a  and  stx2c  (known to be associated with high STEC virulence) were observed, and  stx2g , a bovine STEC variant, was detected in STEC O15 and O109. Additionally,  stx1c  was detected in  eae -positive STEC, suggesting genetic dynamics among the virulence genes in the STEC isolates. STEC non-O157 strains were resistant to tetracycline (17.9%), ampicillin (14.3%), and cefotaxime (3.6%), while STEC O157 was susceptible to all tested antimicrobials, except cefotaxime. The antimicrobial resistance genes,  bla    TEM   (17.5%),  tetB  (6.3%), and  tetC  (4.8%), were only detected in STEC non-O157, whereas  tetE  (54.0%) was detected in STEC O157.  AmpC  was detected in all STEC isolates. Clustering was performed based on the virulence gene profiles, which grouped STEC O84, O108, O111, and O157 together as potentially pathogenic STEC strains. Finally, PFGE suggested the presence of a prototype STEC that continues to evolve by genetic mutation and causes within- and between-farm transmission within the Gyeonggi province.    Conclusions  Considerable numbers of STEC non-O157 were isolated from cattle farms, and the virulence and antimicrobial resistance features were different between the STEC O157 and non-O157 strains. STEC from cattle with virulence or antimicrobial resistance genes might represent a threat to public health and therefore, continual surveillance of both STEC O157 and non-O157 would be beneficial for controlling and preventing STEC-related illness.

Prevalence, virulence potential, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiling of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains from cattle