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Background   Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the major pattern recognition receptors that mediate sensing of a wide range of microorganisms. TLR2 forms heterodimers with either TLR1 or TLR6, broadening its ligand diversity against pathogens. TLR1, TLR2 and TLR6 have been implicated in the recognition of  Candida albicans , an opportunistic fungal pathogen that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we explored whether the deficiency in TLR1, TLR2 or TLR6 impacts  C. albicans  colonization and inflammation-associated colonic injury in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice.    Results  DSS treatment and  C. albicans  challenge induced greater weight loss, worse clinical signs of inflammation, higher histopathologic scores, and increased mortality rates in TLR1 −/−  and TLR2 −/−  mice when compared to TLR6 −/−  and wild-type mice. The number of  C. albicans  colonies in the stomach, colon and feces was decreased in TLR6 −/−  mice as compared to TLR2 −/− , TLR1 −/−  and wild-type mice. Interestingly, the population of  E. coli  in colonic luminal contents, intestinal permeability to FITC-dextran and cytokine expression were significantly increased in TLR1 −/−  and TLR2 −/−  mice, while they were decreased in TLR6 −/−  mice.    Conclusion  In contrast to TLR6, both TLR1 and TLR2 deficiencies increased intestinal inflammation, and the overgrowth of  C. albicans  and  E. coli  populations in the colitis model, suggesting the involvement of TLR1 and TLR2 in epithelial homeostasis, and a role of TLR6 in increasing intestinal inflammation in response to pathogen-sensing.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13099-017-0158-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Role of TLR1, TLR2 and TLR6 in the modulation of intestinal inflammation and Candida albicans elimination