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Background  Recently the Type VI secretion  system (T6SS), which can play a significant role in bacterial survival and pathogenesis, was reported in  Campylobacter  spp., having the  hcp  gene as a key component.    Methods  Campylobacteriosis is associated with the consumption of infected chicken meat. Our study aimed to explore the presence of T6SS in  C. jejuni  (n = 59) and  C. coli  (n = 57) isolates, from retail raw chicken and to investigate their pathogenic potential. The  hcp  gene was used as an indicator for the T6SS presence.    Results  Using multiplex PCR we have identified a significantly higher prevalence of  hcp  in  C. coli  isolates (56.1%) than in  C. jejuni  (28.8%) and AFLP analysis of the isolates showed a high degree of genetic similarity between the isolates carrying the  hcp  gene. Genome sequencing data showed that 84.3% of the  C. coli  and 93.7% of the  C. jejuni  isolates had all 13 T6SS open reading frames. Moreover, the virulence characteristics of  hcp  + isolates, including motility and the ability to invade human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro, were significantly greater than in the control strain  C. jejuni  12502; a human isolate which is  hcp  positive.    Conclusion  Overall, it was discovered that  hcp  +  C. coli  and  C. jejuni  isolated from retail chicken isolates posses genetic and phenotypic properties associated with enhanced virulence. However, since human infections with  C. coli  are significantly less frequent than those of  C. jejuni , the relationship between virulence factors and pathogenesis requires further study.

Virulence characteristics of hcp + Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from retail chicken