English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Sulawesi in Indonesia has a unique geographical profile with assumed separation from Sundaland. Studies of  Helicobacter pylori  in this region are rare due to the region’s rural location and lack of endoscopy equipment. Indirect methods are, therefore, the most appropriate for measuring  H. pylori  infection in these areas; with the disposable gastric brush test, we can obtain gastric juice as well as small gastric tissue samples for  H. pylori  culture. We investigated the prevalence of  H. pylori  infection and evaluated human migration patterns in the remote areas of North Sulawesi.    Methods  We recruited a total of 251 consecutive adult volunteers and 131 elementary school children.  H. pylori  infection was determined by urine antibody test. A gastric brush test was used to culture  H. pylori . We used next-generation and polymerase chain reaction based sequencing to determine virulence factors and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST).    Results  The overall  H. pylori  prevalence was only 14.3% for adults and 3.8% for children, and 13.6% and 16.7% in Minahasanese and Mongondownese participants, respectively. We isolated a single  H. pylori  strain, termed -Manado-1. Manado-1 was East Asian type  cagA  (ABD type),  vacA  s1c-m1b,  iceA1  positive/ iceA2  negative,  jhp0562 -positive/ β-(1,3) galT -negative,  oipA  “on”, and  dupA -negative. Phylogenetic analyses showed the strain to be hspMaori type, a major type observed in native Taiwanese and Maori tribes.    Conclusions  Our data support that very low  H. pylori  infection prevalence in Indonesia. Identification of hspMaori type  H. pylori  in North Sulawesi may support the hypothesis that North Sulawesi people migrated from north.

Extremely low Helicobacter pylori prevalence in North Sulawesi, Indonesia and identification of a Maori-tribe type strain: a cross sectional study