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Background  This study investigates the effect of genistein (Gen) on the lipid profiles and expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), liver X receptor α (LXRα) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) in the plasma macrophages of postmenopausal women with hyperlipidemia in China.    Methods  This study considered 187 cases, where 160 postmenopausal women had hyperlipidemia. The subjects were divided into placebo group (PG) and experimental group (EG). EG received 60 mg/day of Gen, PG received placebo for 6 months. Body weight, height, waist circumference, body mass index and glucose levels were determined according to standard operating procedures. The triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1) and apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B) levels were detected in the plasma macrophages using ELISA. The protein and mRNA expression levels of LDLR, LXRα and ABCG1 were detected by western blot and real-time PCR techniques, respectively.    Results  Compared to the baseline, Gen effectively lowered TG, TC and LDL-C levels, whereas HDL-C levels as well as the protein and mRNA expression levels of LDLR, LXRα and ABCG1 ( p  < 0.05) were increased. There was a significant difference in the expression of LDLR protein between the two groups ( p  < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of LDLR, LXRα and ABCG1 were significantly increased in the EG compared to the PG.    Conclusion  Gen effectively modulated the plasma lipid indices. The cholesterol-lowering effects of Gen may be attributed to its regulation on some of the key genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis.

The effect of genistein on lipid levels and LDLR, LXRα and ABCG1 expression in postmenopausal women with hyperlipidemia