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Background  Whereas an increase of neck circumference (NC) had been recently identified as a new independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic syndrome risk factor, similar assessments concerning screen-detected diabetes mellitus (SDDM) have not been made. Thyroid gland volume (ThV) can potentially affect NC however the significance of this influence concerning the risk of NC-related disease is unknown.    Methods  We performed a ThV-adjusted evaluation of NC within a population-based investigation of SDDM and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) prevalence. This study contains fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 75 g 2-h glucose tolerance test results (2-hPG) of 196 residents of Kyiv region, Ukraine, randomly selected from the rural population older than 44 y.o. who were not registered as diabetes mellitus patients. Standard anthropometric (height; weight; blood pressure; waist, hip circumferences), NC and ultrasonography ThV measurements were performed, hypotensive medication, CVD events and early life nutrition history considered. HbA1c was measured, if FPG/2-hPG reached 7.0/11.1 mmol/l respectively; HbA1c level 6.5 % was considered to be SDDM diagnostic; IGR if FPG/2-hPG reached 6.1/7.8 but less than 7.0/11.1 mmol/l respectively.    Results  Neck circumference among women with normal FPG/2-hPG was 35 (33–36) cm, IGR 36 (34.5–38) cm, SDDM HbA1c < 6.5 % 42 (40–43) cm, HbA1c > 6.5 % 42.5 (40–44) cm, p < 0.001, and for men from the same groups 38.5 (36.5–41.5) cm; 39 (37–42) cm; 42 (40–43) cm; 42.5 (40–44) cm, p = 0.063; medians (Q I –Q III ). Gender-adjusted logistic regression OR for SDDM HbA1c > 6.5 % vs. normal FPG/2-hPG category depending of NC as a continued variable, equaled to 1.60 (95 % CI 1.27–2.02) per cm. Additional adjusting by ThV, body mass or waist/hip index, high blood pressure, acute CVD events, or starvation history did not significantly influence this risk.    Conclusion  Neck circumference is a new risk factor of SDDM that is independent from other indicators of adipose tissue distribution as well as from the ThV.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13098-016-0129-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Neck circumference as a risk factor of screen-detected diabetes mellitus: community-based study