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Background  Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) play important roles in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) could affect the function of moDCs. The aim of this study was to explore the lncRNA expression profile in moDCs of SLE patients to provide new insights into SLE.    Methods  LncRNA and mRNA microarrays were performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in moDCs of SLE patients compared with normal controls. Bioinformatics analysis was also performed. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to validate the results, and correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between these aberrantly expressed lncRNAs and SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) scores.    Results  According to the gene expression profiles, 163 lncRNAs were differentially expressed between SLE and normal controls, including 118 that were upregulated and 45 that were downregulated. A total of 137 mRNAs were differentially expressed in moDCs of patients with SLE, including 83 that were upregulated and 54 that were downregulated. Furthermore, qPCR data showed that lncRNA ENST604411.1 (18.23-fold,  P  < 0.001) and ENST501122.2 (1.96-fold,  P  < 0.001) were upregulated and the other two lncRNAs, lnc-HSFY2–3:3 (0.42-fold,  P  < 0.001) and lnc-SERPINB9–1:2 (0.50-fold,  P  = 0.040), were downregulated in moDCs of SLE patients. The expression levels of ENST604411.1 ( r  = 0.593,  P  = 0.020) and ENST501122.2 ( r  = 0.539,  P  = 0.038) were positively correlated with the SLEDAI score, respectively.    Conclusions  The results indicate that the abnormal expression of lncRNAs in moDCs may be involved in the pathological processes of SLE. The expression level of ENST604411.1 and ENST501122.2 may have potential value for the assessment of disease activity in SLE.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1640-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

arthritis research and therapy

Long noncoding RNA expression profile and association with SLEDAI score in monocyte-derived dendritic cells from patients with systematic lupus erythematosus