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Background The range of the ornate dog tick  Dermacentor  reticulatus  is rapidly expanding in Europe. This tick species is the vector of canine babesiosis, caused by  Babesia  canis , and also plays a role in the transmission of  Theileria  equi  and  Babesia  caballi  in equids. Methods The geographic range of  D.  reticulatus  in the Czech Republic was re-assessed, and an up-to-date distribution map is presented based on material and data obtained during a nationwide citizen science campaign. Received and flagged individuals of  D.  reticulatus  were also analysed for the presence of  B.  canis  DNA. Results In striking contrast to historical records,  D.  reticulatus  was found in all regions of the Czech Republic, with most reports coming from the southeast and northwest of the country. Between February 2018 and June 2021, the project team received 558 photo reports of ticks and 250 packages containing ticks. Of the former, 71.1% were identified as  Dermacentor  sp. with the remainder identified as  Ixodes  sp.,  Haemaphysalis  sp.,  Argas  sp. or  Hyalomma  sp. The majority of specimens in the subset of ticks that were received ( N  = 610) were  D.  reticulatus  ( N  = 568, 93.7%), followed by  Ixodes  ricinus  and  Hyalomma  spp. A total of 783 adult  D.  reticulatus , either received (568) or collected by flagging (215), were tested for the presence of  B.  canis  DNA using species-specific nested PCR targeting part of the  18S  rRNA gene;  B.  canis  DNA was demonstrated in 22 samples (2.81%). Conclusions The continuous spread of  D.  reticulatus  in the Czech Republic was documented in this study. In addition, DNA of  B.  canis  was also detected in a number of ticks, suggesting the establishment of  B.  canis  in the Czech Republic. These results suggest that veterinarians need to consider the possibility of canine babesiosis even in dogs without a history of travel. Graphical Abstract

parasites and vectors

The distribution of Dermacentor reticulatus in the Czech Republic re-assessed: citizen science approach to understanding the current distribution of the Babesia canis vector