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Background Anaplasma ,  Babesia  and  Theileria  are tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) that affect livestock worldwide. However, information on these pathogens in yaks ( Bos grunniens ) and Tibetan sheep ( Ovis aries ) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), China, is limited. In this study,  Anaplasma  spp.,  Babesia  spp. and  Theileria  spp. infections were assessed in yaks and Tibetan sheep from Qinghai Province. Methods A total of 734 blood samples were collected from 425 yaks and 309 Tibetan sheep at nine sampling sites. Standard or nested polymerase chain reaction was employed to screen all the blood samples using species- or genus-specific primers. Results The results showed that 14.1% (60/425) of yaks and 79.9% (247/309) of Tibetan sheep were infected with at least one pathogen.  Anaplasma ovis ,  Anaplasma bovis ,  Anaplasma capra ,  Anaplasma phagocytophilum ,  Babesia bovis  and  Theileria  spp .  were detected in this study, with total infection rates for all the assessed animals of 22.1% (162/734), 16.3% (120/734), 23.6% (173/734), 8.2% (60/734), 2.7% (20/734) and 19.3% (142/734), respectively. For yaks, the infection rate of  A. bovis  was 6.4% (27/425), that of  B. bovis  was 4.7% (20/425) and that of  Theileria  spp. was 3.3% (14/425). Moreover, 52.4% (162/309) of the Tibetan sheep samples were infected with  A. ovis , 30.1% (93/309) with  A. bovis , 56.0% (173/309) with  A. capra , 19.4% (60/309) with  A. phagocytophilum  and 41.4% (128/309) with  Theileria  spp. Conclusions This study revealed the prevalence of  Anaplasma  spp.,  Babesia  spp. and  Theileria  spp. in yaks and Tibetan sheep in Qinghai Province, China, and provides new data for a better understanding of the epidemiology of TBPs in these animals in this area of the QTP, China. Graphical Abstract

parasites and vectors

Molecular detection of Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in yaks (Bos grunniens) and Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China