English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Background  The distribution of phlebotomine sand flies is changing rapidly due to climate change. This issue has implications for the epidemiology of sand fly-borne diseases, especially sand fly-associated viruses. Few studies concerning sand fly-associated viruses have been conducted in Thailand. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a molecular survey of groups of pathogenic RNA viruses belonging to the  Orbivirus ,  Phlebovirus , and  Flavivirus  genera and family  Rhabdoviridae  in sand fly samples collected from southern Thailand.    Methods  Sand flies were collected at two locations in Trang and Songkhla provinces of southern Thailand, and individual sand fly samples were processed for species identification and virus detection. The  Orbivirus ,  Phlebovirus , and  Flavivirus  genera and family  Rhabdoviridae  molecular determination was performed by RT-PCR, and positive samples were identified by cloning and sequencing, cell culture inoculation, and phylogenetic analysis.    Results  The results presented in this study were based on the analysis of a total of 331 female sand flies. This molecular study revealed evidence of  Rhabdoviridae  family virus presence in  Phlebotomus papatasi  (3/331, 0.9%). The findings demonstrated a new cluster of rhabdovirus that was closely related to  Bactrocera dorsalis  sigmavirus strain BDSV.abc5 and the lineages of insect-specific  Rhabdoviridae . In addition, the Bayesian tree suggested that the common ancestor of this group was the dimarhabdovirus clade. It was assumed that the virus may have switched hosts during its evolution. However, the detection of  Orbivirus ,  Phlebovirus , and  Flavivirus  genera using specific primers for RT-PCR was negative in the collected sand flies.    Conclusions  There is limited knowledge on the genetic diversity and ecology of  Rhabdoviridae  in Thailand. This is the first data regarding the circulation of  Rhabdoviridae  in  Ph. papatasi  from Thailand. We found a new cluster of rhabdoviruses that was close to the new  B. dorsalis  sigmavirus. It is possible that there is a great deal of diversity in this family yet to be discovered, and a more extensive survey for new rhabdoviruses may uncover viruses from a wide diversity of host taxa and broaden our understanding of the relationships among the  Rhabdoviridae .    Graphical abstract

A new cluster of rhabdovirus detected in field-caught sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) collected from southern Thailand