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Background   Trichinella spiralis  ( T. spiralis ) is a parasite occurring worldwide that has been proven to have antitumour ability. However, studies on the antitumour effects of cross antigens between the tumour and  T. spiralis  or antibodies against cross antigens between tumours and  T. spiralis  are rare.    Methods  To study the role of cross antigens between osteosarcoma and  T. spiralis,  we first screened the cDNA expression library of  T. spiralis  muscle larvae to obtain the cross antigen gene  tumour protein D52  ( TPD52 ), and prepared fusion protein TPD52 and its antiserum. The anti-osteosarcoma effect of the anti-TPD52 antiserum was studied using cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assays as well as in vivo animal models; preliminary data on the mechanism were obtained using western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses.    Results  Our results indicated that TPD52 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of MG-63 cells. Anti-TPD52 antiserum inhibited the proliferation of MG-63 cells and the growth of osteosarcoma in a dose-dependent manner. The tumour inhibition rate in the 100 μg treatment group was 61.95%. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that injection of anti-TPD52 antiserum increased the serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12 in nude mice. Haematoxylin and eosin staining showed that anti-TPD52 antiserum did not cause significant pathological damage. Apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells was induced by anti-TPD52 antiserum in vivo and in vitro.    Conclusions  Anti-TPD52 antiserum exerts an anti-osteosarcoma effect by inducing apoptosis without causing histopathological damage.    Graphical abstractSupplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-05008-6.

Anti-osteosarcoma effect of antiserum against cross antigen TPD52 between osteosarcoma and Trichinella spiralis