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Background   Triatoma sordida  is one of the main Chagas disease vectors in Brazil. In addition to Brazil, this species has already been reported in Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. It is hypothesized that the insects currently identified as  T. sordida  are a species subcomplex formed by three cytotypes ( T. sordida  sensu stricto [s.s.],  T. sordida  La Paz, and  T. sordida  Argentina). With the recent description of  T. rosai  from the Argentinean specimens, it became necessary to assess the taxonomic status of  T. sordida  from La Paz, Bolivia, since it was suggested that it may represent a new species, which has taxonomic, evolutionary, and epidemiological implications. Based on the above, we carried out molecular and experimental crossover studies to assess the specific status of  T. sordida  La Paz.    Methods  To evaluate the pre- and postzygotic barriers between  T. sordida  La Paz and  T. sordida  s.s., experimental crosses and intercrosses between F1 hybrids and between F2 hybrids were conducted. In addition, cytogenetic analyses of the F1 and F2 hybrids were applied with an emphasis on the degree of pairing between the homeologous chromosomes, and morphological analyses of the male gonads were performed to evaluate the presence of gonadal dysgenesis. Lastly, the genetic distance between  T. sordida  La Paz and  T. sordida  s.s. was calculated for the  CYTB ,  ND1 , and  ITS1  genes.    Results  Regardless of the gene used,  T. sordida  La Paz showed low genetic distance compared to  T. sordida  s.s. (below 2%). Experimental crosses resulted in offspring for both directions, demonstrating that there are no prezygotic barriers installed between these allopatric populations. Furthermore, postzygotic barriers were not observed either (since the F1 × F1 and F2 × F2 intercrosses resulted in viable offspring). Morphological and cytogenetic analyses of the male gonads of the F1 and F2 offspring demonstrated that the testes were not atrophied and did not show chromosome pairing errors.    Conclusion  Based on the low genetic distance (which configures intraspecific variation), associated with the absence of prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive barriers, we confirm that  T. sordida  La Paz represents only a chromosomal polymorphism of  T. sordida  s.s.    Graphical abstract

Triatoma sordida (Hemiptera, Triatominae) from La Paz, Bolivia: an incipient species or an intraspecific chromosomal polymorphism?