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Background  Recent studies indicate that the prevalence of non-falciparum malaria, including  Plasmodium malariae  and  Plasmodium ovale  spp., is increasing, with some complications in infected individuals. The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding of the malaria prevalence and disease burden due to  P. malariae  and  P. ovale  spp.    Methods  The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute prevalence study assessment tool were used to select and evaluate the studies, respectively. Six databases: PubMed, WHOLIS, Wiley Library, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and Google Scholar were used to screen articles published during the period January 2000–December 2020. The pooled prevalence estimates for  P. malariae  and  P. ovale  spp. were analysed using a random-effects model and the possible sources of heterogeneity were evaluated through subgroup analysis and meta-regression.    Results  Out of the 3297 studies screened, only 113 studies were included; among which 51.33% were from the African Region. The  P. malariae  and  P. ovale  spp. pooled prevalence were 2.01% (95% CI 1.31–2.85%) and 0.77% (95% CI 0.50–1.10%) respectively, with the highest prevalence in the African Region.  P. malariae  was equally distributed among adults (2.13%), children (2.90%) and pregnant women (2.77%) ( p  = 0.862), whereas  P. ovale  spp. was more prevalent in pregnant women (2.90%) than in children ≤ 15 years (0.97%) and in patients > 15 years old (0.39%) ( p  = 0.021). In this review, data analysis revealed that  P. malariae  and  P. ovale  spp. have decreased in the last 20 years, but not significantly, and these species were more commonly present with other  Plasmodium  species as co-infections. No difference in prevalence between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients was observed for either  P. malariae  or  P. ovale  spp.    Conclusion  Our analysis suggests that knowledge of the worldwide burden of  P. malariae  and  P. ovale  spp. is very important for malaria elimination programmes and a particular focus towards improved tools for monitoring transmission for these non-falciparum species should be stressed upon to deal with increased infections in the future.    Graphic AbstractSupplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04797-0.

parasites and vectors

Global trend of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale spp. malaria infections in the last two decades (2000–2020): a systematic review and meta-analysis