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Background  Soil-transmitted helminthiases are important neglected tropical diseases that result in a notably high number of disability-adjusted life years worldwide. Characterizing the interactions between the human intestinal microbiome and helminths is of interest in the development of alternative treatments that do not rely on chemotherapeutics and do not lead to drug resistance.    Methods  We recruited and obtained fecal samples from 32 pairs of mothers and children on Pemba Island and monitored their intestinal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.    Results  We observed that microbial changes occur in the gut microbiota of infected mothers and children. Some short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and carbohydrate-degrading bacteria exhibited lower abundance in the infected individuals. Potentially pathogenic  Campylobacter  and proinflammatory  Methanobrevibacter  in infected mothers and opportunistic  Enterococcus  in infected children exhibited greater abundance.    Conclusions  Our findings could reveal the microbiota profiling in  T. trichiura -infected individuals, indicate the potential roles of key microbiota in the host and aid to the development of novel strategies to control  T. trichiura  infection.    Graphic abstract

Dissection of the gut microbiota in mothers and children with chronic Trichuris trichiura infection in Pemba Island, Tanzania