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Background  Australian marsupials harbour a diverse array of helminth parasites. Despite current attempts to assess the extent of this diversity in macropodid hosts, it has been suggested that unique parasite fauna of Australian wildlife is difficult to document comprehensively due to the common occurrence of cryptic species. This paper assessed genetic variation within  Austrostrongylus thylogale  Johnston & Mawson, 1940 from the tammar wallaby,  Notamacropus eugenii  (Gray), and the quokka,  Setonix brachyurus  (Quoy & Gaimard), from different localities using the molecular characterisation of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) within the nuclear ribosomal DNA.    Methods  Thirty-seven specimens of  A. thylogale  collected from  N. eugenii  (from Parndana, Kangaroo Island, South Australia, and Perup, Western Australia) and  S. brachyurus  (from Wellington Dam, Western Australia) were characterised using a molecular-phylogenetic approach utilising the first (ITS1) and second (ITS2) internal transcribed spacers.    Results  Genetic variation was detected in both ITS1 and ITS2 between specimens of  A. thylogale  from  N. eugenii  and  S. brachyurus ; however, no variation was detected between specimens collected from  N. eugenii  from Parndana, South Australia, and Perup, Western Australia. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analyses of ITS sequences showed two clades of  A. thylogale  originating from two hosts,  N. eugenii  and  S. brachyurus , suggesting the presence of cryptic species.    Conclusions  This study provides evidence of genetic variation within  A. thylogale  based on collections from two different host species. Morphological studies are required to fully confirm the presence of a new species or cryptic species. Further molecular studies using a larger number of specimens are warranted to explore the genetic variation between  A. thylogale  from different geographical localities.

parasites and vectors

Genetic variation in Austrostrongylus thylogale Johnston &amp; Mawson, 1940 (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida) from the tammar wallaby, Notamacropus eugenii (Gray), and the quokka, Setonix brachyurus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard) (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) in Australia