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Background   Henneguya  Thélohan, 1892 (Myxobolidae) is one of the most species-rich genera of myxosporean parasites infecting fish. Although common in nature, there are few reports of these parasites causing important disease in aquaculture. In this paper, we describe a new species of  Henneguya  infecting  Pagrus major  (Temminck & Schlegel), a fish host introduced to the Mediterranean Sea from Japan in the late 1980s.    Results  Large plasmodia of the parasite were found in the bulbus arteriosus and in the ventricle of the infected fish. Spores were found mainly in the kidney and heart and were accompanied by melanized macrophages or vascular intimal proliferation mixed with a mild non-suppurative response, respectively. Comparisons of morphometric data for spore and polar capsule length and width, suggest a unique combination of features in the newly described species. Molecular analysis, based on  18S  rDNA sequence of the parasite, followed by phylogenetic analysis, indicated that the parasite described here is a novel species of  Henneguya , clustered with the marine congeneric species.    Conclusions   Henneguya aegea  n. sp. infects in aquaculture  P. major , a host introduced as eggs to the Mediterranean from Japan. Despite the high host specificity of the myxobolid parasites,  H. aegea  n. sp. seems to be able to use  P. major  as a host and propagate successfully, causing morbidity and mortality. This could result in spillback of the new species from high density cultured non-native  P. major  to native fish hosts.

parasites and vectors

Native parasite affecting an introduced host in aquaculture: cardiac henneguyosis in the red seabream Pagrus major Temminck &amp; Schlegel (Perciformes: Sparidae) caused by Henneguya aegea n. sp. (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae)